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"Maryland, My Maryland" is the official state song of the U.S. state of Maryland. The song is set to the tune of "Lauriger Horatius"〔Code of Maryland, State Government, Title 13, § 13-307.〕 — better known as the tune of "O Tannenbaum" — and the lyrics are from a nine-stanza poem written by James Ryder Randall (1839–1908). While the words were penned in 1861, it was not until April 29, 1939, that the state's general assembly adopted "Maryland, My Maryland" as the state song.〔Maryland State Archives (2004). (Maryland State Song - "Maryland, My Maryland" ). Retrieved 27 Dec. 2004.〕 The song's words refer to Maryland's history and geography and specifically mentions several historical figures of importance to the state. The song calls for Maryland to fight the Union and was used across the South during the Civil War as a battle hymn.〔Catton, Bruce. ''The Coming Fury'' (). p. 352.〕 It has been called America's "most martial poem."〔(Randall, James Ryder ). 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia, p. 639.〕 Due to its origin in support of the Confederacy, it includes lyrics that refer to President Lincoln as a "tyrant," "despot," and "Vandal," and to the Union as "Northern scum," as well as referring to the phrase "sic semper," which was the slogan later shouted by Marylander John Wilkes Booth while assassinating Lincoln.〔http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/lincolnconspiracy/boothdiary.html Diary Entry of John Wilkes Booth〕 For these reasons occasional attempts have been made to replace it as Maryland's state song,〔Another Try for Maryland's State Song?, ''The Washington Post'', April 6, 2000.〕 but to date all such attempts have met with failure.〔http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2009/03/01/ST2009030100010.html〕 ==History== The poem was a result of events at the beginning of the American Civil War. During the secession crisis, President Abraham Lincoln (referred to in the poem as "the despot" and "the tyrant") ordered Union troops to be brought to Washington, D.C. to protect the capital. Many of these troops were brought through Baltimore City, a major transportation hub. There was considerable Confederate sympathy in Maryland at the time. Riots ensued as Union troops came through Baltimore on their way south in April 1861 and were attacked by mobs. A number of Union troops and Baltimore residents were killed in the Baltimore riots, including Francis X. Ward, a friend of James Ryder Randall. Randall, a native Marylander, was teaching at Poydras College in Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, at the time and, moved by the news of his friend's death, wrote the nine-stanza poem, "Maryland, My Maryland". The poem was a plea to his home state of Maryland to secede from the Union and join the Confederacy. The poem contains many references to the Revolutionary War as well as to the Mexican-American War and Maryland figures in that war (many of whom have fallen into obscurity). It was first published in the New Orleans ''Sunday Delta'' on 26 April 1861. The poem was quickly turned into a song — put to the tune of "Lauriger Horatius" — by Baltimore resident Jennie Cary, sister of Hetty Cary. It became instantly popular in Maryland and throughout the South. It was sometimes called "the Marseillaise of the South." Confederate States Army bands played the song after they crossed into Maryland territory during the Maryland Campaign in 1862. According to some accounts, General Robert E. Lee ordered his troops to sing "Maryland, My Maryland," as they entered the town of Frederick, Maryland, but his troops received a cold response, as Frederick was located in the unionist western portion of the state.〔See James M. MacPherson, ''(Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era )'' (Oxford University Press, 1988), 535-36, Amazon Kindle Location 11129-45.〕 At least one Confederate regimental band also played the song as Lee's troops retreated back across the Potomac after the bloody Battle of Antietam. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maryland, My Maryland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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